Category: Victorian Commons

19th Century history, Constituencies, Electoral Reform, Local History, Victorian, Victorian Commons

The representation of Devon and Cornwall after reform, 1832-68

Dr Martin Spychal, Senior Research Fellow on our House of Commons 1832-1868 project, provides an overview of the electoral system and political affiliation in Devon and Cornwall between 1832 and 1868. This is a revised version of an article posted on the Victorian Commons following the 2019 ‘The South West and Parliament’ conference, which was co-hosted by the History of Parliament and Devon and Cornwall Record Society … Continue reading The representation of Devon and Cornwall after reform, 1832-68

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Elections, Parliamentary Life, Parties, Robert Peel, Speakers of the House, Victorian, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne

The politics of electing the Speaker: The case of Shaw Lefevre (1794-1888)

Following on from our post about James Abercromby‘s highly-charged partisan election as Speaker in 1835, Philip Salmon explores the 1839 and 1841 elections of his successor Charles Shaw Lefevre. These shed new light on the so-called ‘Bedchamber crisis’ involving Queen Victoria, and hint at tell-tale splits within the Conservative party long before the famous repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. Considered by the Liberal … Continue reading The politics of electing the Speaker: The case of Shaw Lefevre (1794-1888)

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Buildings and Architecture, Parliamentary Life, Victorian

‘Like herrings in a barrel’: the House of Commons chamber prior to 1834

When picturing the 19th-century Houses of Parliament, many people might think of the grand buildings designed by Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin which are still in use today. However, the Commons chamber they created was the third different debating chamber to be occupied by 19th-century MPs. Dr Kathryn Rix, Assistant Editor of our House of Commons 1832-1945 section, looks at the House of Commons chamber … Continue reading ‘Like herrings in a barrel’: the House of Commons chamber prior to 1834

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19th Century history, Elections, Electoral Reform, Victorian Commons, Women and Parliament

Marrying for the vote: the freedom-by-marriage franchise before 1832

Of all the bizarre voting qualifications in operation before 1832 – from potwallopers to burgage holders – one of the most striking was the freedom-by-marriage franchise. Philip Salmon explains how this system worked and even survived briefly after 1832, contrary to what has been widely assumed. The freeman-by-marriage franchise remains one of the most paradoxical elements of the UK’s pre-democratic voting system. Women may not … Continue reading Marrying for the vote: the freedom-by-marriage franchise before 1832

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Constituencies, Elections, Electoral Reform, Parties, Victorian

Reappraising England’s reformed electoral map, 1832-1868: the impact of the 1832 Reform Act

Dr Martin Spychal, Senior Research Fellow on our House of Commons 1832-1868 Commons project, discuses the impact of the 1832 reform legislation on English electoral politics. This article draws from Martin’s book, Mapping the State: English boundaries and the 1832 Reform Act (2024) which is available to download free in open access. The 1832 Reform Act (and its associated legislation, the 1832 Boundary Act) reshaped … Continue reading Reappraising England’s reformed electoral map, 1832-1868: the impact of the 1832 Reform Act

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Constituencies, Elections, Victorian

Who could vote? From potwallopers to ten-pounders: post-1832 franchises explained

Clarifying the workings of England’s historic electoral system, Philip Salmon examines who could vote following the changes made by the ‘Great’ Reform Act of 1832. This article covers the system which was in operation until the next major Reform Act in 1867. Potwallopers, ten-pounders, scot and lot voters, copyholders, burgage holders, freemen, forty-shilling freeholders, tenants-at-will – these are just some of the archaic terms for … Continue reading Who could vote? From potwallopers to ten-pounders: post-1832 franchises explained

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, Elections, Parliamentary Life, Parties, Robert Peel, Speakers of the House, Victorian, William IV, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne

The Speakership election of 1835

In this article Dr Kathryn Rix and Dr Martin Spychal of our House of Commons, 1832-1868 project discuss a pivotal vote in the early nineteenth-century Commons – the selection of the Speaker in February 1835. They explore popular reaction to the vote, its short and long-term significance and the difficulties of compiling an accurate division list before the publication of an official record of parliamentary … Continue reading The Speakership election of 1835

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Parties, Robert Peel, Victorian

Sir Robert Peel and the modern Conservative party

Sir Robert Peel, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834-35, 1841-46), entered Parliament at only 21 years of age. He went on to establish the Metropolitan police, repeal controversial laws such as the Test and Corporation Acts and later the Corn Laws, and introduce Catholic emancipation. However, as Dr Philip Salmon from our House of Commons 1832-68 section explores, Peel also played a significant … Continue reading Sir Robert Peel and the modern Conservative party

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Victorian, Parliamentary Life, Resources and Publications, Victorian Commons

Accessing Hansard online: a research guide

Hansard – the official record of what is said in Parliament – originated in the early 19th century. Our Commons 1832-68 project team have previously written about how the reporting of parliamentary debates evolved in the 19th century and what conditions were like in the reporters’ gallery. In this post, Dr Kathryn Rix has put together a research guide for other researchers or interested readers … Continue reading Accessing Hansard online: a research guide

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19th Century history, Elections, Electoral Reform, Victorian Commons, Women and Parliament

Votes for women before and after 1832

Continuing our series on the practical workings of the UK’s historic voting system, Philip Salmon of our House of Commons, 1832-1868 project re-examines when and how some women could vote long before they secured equal electoral rights with men. Women’s participation in politics before 1918, when they acquired the parliamentary vote, is now well documented. After decades of neglect in older narratives, a wide range of … Continue reading Votes for women before and after 1832

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