Category: Elections

Georgian, 18th Century history, Buildings and Architecture, Elections, Factions, Frederick North, 2nd earl of Guilford, George III, Georgian Lords, Parties, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd duke of Portland, William Petty, 2nd earl of Shelburne, William Pitt the Younger, Women and Parliament

Public breakfasts at Chiswick House: the duke and duchess of Devonshire’s suburban villa

For the latest post for the Georgian Lords, Alyssa Myers, a final year PhD student at the University of Manchester Metropolitan, examining the role of elite suburban villas as centres of politics in the later part of the eighteenth century. The long eighteenth century saw a surge of villas cropping up around the outskirts of London in areas primarily along the Thames, such as Richmond-upon-Thames … Continue reading Public breakfasts at Chiswick House: the duke and duchess of Devonshire’s suburban villa

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19th Century history, Elections, Electoral Reform, Victorian Commons, Women and Parliament

Marrying for the vote: the freedom-by-marriage franchise before 1832

Of all the bizarre voting qualifications in operation before 1832 – from potwallopers to burgage holders – one of the most striking was the freedom-by-marriage franchise. Philip Salmon explains how this system worked and even survived briefly after 1832, contrary to what has been widely assumed. The freeman-by-marriage franchise remains one of the most paradoxical elements of the UK’s pre-democratic voting system. Women may not … Continue reading Marrying for the vote: the freedom-by-marriage franchise before 1832

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20th century history, Constituencies, Contemporary History, Corruption, Elections, John Major, Modern, Oral history, Parties

‘We approached each other slowly like medieval knights with lances’: Hamilton versus Bell, Tatton, 1997

One of the highlights of the 1997 general election was the contest in Tatton. The Conservative Neil Hamilton, then under a cloud of corruption allegations, was challenged by the independent former war correspondent Martin Bell, in his famous white suit. Our oral history project now includes interviews with both candidates, allowing Dr Emma Peplow to tell the story of this election in their own words… … Continue reading ‘We approached each other slowly like medieval knights with lances’: Hamilton versus Bell, Tatton, 1997

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Constituencies, Elections, Electoral Reform, Parties, Victorian

Reappraising England’s reformed electoral map, 1832-1868: the impact of the 1832 Reform Act

Dr Martin Spychal, Senior Research Fellow on our House of Commons 1832-1868 Commons project, discuses the impact of the 1832 reform legislation on English electoral politics. This article draws from Martin’s book, Mapping the State: English boundaries and the 1832 Reform Act (2024) which is available to download free in open access. The 1832 Reform Act (and its associated legislation, the 1832 Boundary Act) reshaped … Continue reading Reappraising England’s reformed electoral map, 1832-1868: the impact of the 1832 Reform Act

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Constituencies, Elections, Victorian

Who could vote? From potwallopers to ten-pounders: post-1832 franchises explained

Clarifying the workings of England’s historic electoral system, Philip Salmon examines who could vote following the changes made by the ‘Great’ Reform Act of 1832. This article covers the system which was in operation until the next major Reform Act in 1867. Potwallopers, ten-pounders, scot and lot voters, copyholders, burgage holders, freemen, forty-shilling freeholders, tenants-at-will – these are just some of the archaic terms for … Continue reading Who could vote? From potwallopers to ten-pounders: post-1832 franchises explained

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Victorian Commons, 19th Century history, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, Elections, Parliamentary Life, Parties, Robert Peel, Speakers of the House, Victorian, William IV, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne

The Speakership election of 1835

In this article Dr Kathryn Rix and Dr Martin Spychal of our House of Commons, 1832-1868 project discuss a pivotal vote in the early nineteenth-century Commons – the selection of the Speaker in February 1835. They explore popular reaction to the vote, its short and long-term significance and the difficulties of compiling an accurate division list before the publication of an official record of parliamentary … Continue reading The Speakership election of 1835

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A map of Buckinghamshire, that includes the three Chiltern Hundreds of Stoke, Desborough and Burnham in the south of the county
17th Century history, 14th Century history, 15th Century History, 16th Century history, 18th Century history, 19th Century history, 20th century history, Constituencies, Elections, Georgian, Interregnum, Legislative History, Medieval, Modern, Parliamentary Life, Stuart, Tudor, Victorian

How does an MP resign? The Chiltern Hundreds & the Manor of Northstead

Have you just heard that an MP has resigned by ‘taking the Chiltern Hundreds’? Our Senior Research Fellow, Dr Martin Spychal, explains the practice and explores its historical context… MPs are not allowed to resign from Parliament. However, a parliamentary loophole exists that allows an MP to vacate their seat by asking the chancellor of the exchequer to disqualify them from sitting in the Commons. … Continue reading How does an MP resign? The Chiltern Hundreds & the Manor of Northstead

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19th Century history, Elections, Electoral Reform, Victorian Commons, Women and Parliament

Votes for women before and after 1832

Continuing our series on the practical workings of the UK’s historic voting system, Philip Salmon of our House of Commons, 1832-1868 project re-examines when and how some women could vote long before they secured equal electoral rights with men. Women’s participation in politics before 1918, when they acquired the parliamentary vote, is now well documented. After decades of neglect in older narratives, a wide range of … Continue reading Votes for women before and after 1832

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19th Century history, Conferences, Seminars and Events, Constituencies, Elections, Victorian

Parliamentary politics in the London boroughs, 1832-68

At the IHR Parliaments, Politics and People seminar on Tuesday 19 May, Dr Jeremy Crump of the Institute of Historical Research, will be discussing parliamentary politics in the London boroughs between 1832 and 1868. The seminar takes place on 19 May 2026, between 5:30 and 6:30 p.m. It is fully ‘hybrid’, which means you can attend either in-person in London at the IHR, or online … Continue reading Parliamentary politics in the London boroughs, 1832-68

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Georgian Lords, 18th Century history, Constituencies, Elections, Factions, George I, George II, Georgian, Local History, Parties, Robert Walpole

One half of ‘all England’? Yorkshire elections in the 18th century

The elections of May 2026 in England, Scotland and Wales provide another opportunity to consider some of the features of parliamentary elections in the unreformed 18th century. Here Dr Charles Littleton looks at one of the period’s more notable constituencies and one particularly turbulent contest there. Between 1715 and 1832 there were 22 general elections. Attention to these is usually most focussed on some of … Continue reading One half of ‘all England’? Yorkshire elections in the 18th century

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